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|official_languages = |org_type = Regional organization |leader_title1 = Arab League Secretariat |leader_name1 = Nabil Elaraby |leader_title2 = Arab Parliament |leader_name2 = Ali Al-Daqbaashi |leader_title3 = Council Presidency |leader_name3 = |legislature = Arab Parliament |established_event1 = Alexandria Protocol |established_date1 = 22 March 1945 |area_label = Total area |area_km2 = 13132327 |area_sq_mi = 5070420 |area_label2 = |area_data2 = |area_magnitude = 1 E13 |population_estimate = 410,000,000〔total population 450 million, CIA Factbook estimates an Arab population of 450 million, see article text.〕 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_density_km2 = 27.17 |population_density_sq_mi = 70.37 |GDP_PPP = $3.335 trillion |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9347 |GDP_nominal = $3.526 trillion |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,239 |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = |HDI = |HDI_ref = |currency = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +0 to +4 |official_website = (www.LasPortal.org ) |footnote_a = From 1979 to 1989, Tunis, Tunisia. |footnote_b = Suspended. The Syrian National Coalition currently represents Syria. }} The Arab League ((アラビア語:الجامعة العربية) '), formally, the League of Arab States ((アラビア語:جامعة الدول العربية) '), is a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa and Arabia. It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members: Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1949), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Yemen joined as a member on 5 May 1945. Currently, the League has 22 members, although Syria's participation has been suspended since November 2011, as a consequence of government repression during the ongoing uprising and civil war. The League's main goal is to "draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries". Through institutions such as the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) and the Economic and Social Council of the Arab League's Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU), the Arab League facilitates political, economic, cultural, scientific, and social programmes designed to promote the interests of the Arab world.〔Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.〕 It has served as a forum for the member states to coordinate their policy positions, to deliberate on matters of common concern, to settle some Arab disputes and to limit conflicts such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis. The League has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of many landmark documents promoting economic integration. One example is the ''Joint Arab Economic Action Charter'', which outlines the principles for economic activities in the region. Each member state has one vote in the ''League Council'', while decisions are binding only for those states that have voted for them. The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political, cultural, economic and social programs of its members, and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties. Furthermore, the signing of an agreement on ''Joint Defence and Economic Cooperation'' on 13 April 1950 committed the signatories to coordination of military defence measures. In March 2015 the Arab League General Secretary announced the establishment of a Joint Arab Force with the aim of counteracting extremism and other threats to the Arab States. The decision was reached while Operation Decisive Storm was intensifying in Yemen. The participation in the project is voluntary and the army intervenes only at the request of one of the member states. The growing militarization of the region and the increase in violent civil wars as well as terrorist movements are the reason behind the creation of the JAF, financed by the rich Gulf countries. In the early 1970s, the Economic Council of the League of Arab States put forward a proposal to create the Joint Arab Chambers of Commerce across the European states. This led, under the decree of the League of Arab States no. K1175/D52/G, to the decision by the Arab governments to set up the Arab British Chamber of Commerce which was mandated to: "promote, encourage and facilitate bilateral trade" between the Arab world and its major trading partner, the United Kingdom. The Arab League has similarly played a role in shaping school curricula, advancing the role of women in the Arab societies, promoting child welfare, encouraging youth and sports programs, preserving Arab cultural heritage and fostering cultural exchanges between the member states. Literacy campaigns have been launched, intellectual works reproduced and modern technical terminology is translated for the use within member states. The league encourages measures against crime and drug abuse, and deals with labour issues—particularly among the emigrant Arab workforce. ==History== (詳細はArab League formed — History.com This Day in History — 3/22/1945 ). History.com. Retrieved on 2014-04-28.〕 Other countries joined the league at later dates.〔(HowStuffWorks "Arab League" ). History.howstuffworks.com (2008-02-27). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.〕 Each country was given one vote in the council. The first major action was the joint intervention, allegedly on behalf of the majority Arab population that was being uprooted as the state of Israel emerged in 1948 (and in response to popular protest in the Arab world), although in fact a main participant in this intervention, Transjordan, had agreed with the Israelis to divide up the Arab Palestinian state proposed by the UN General Assembly, while Egypt intervened primarily to prevent its rival in Amman from accomplishing its objective.〔Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.〕 This was followed by the creation of a mutual defence treaty two years later. A common market was established in 1965.〔〔Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, USA, Princeton University Press, 1965.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arab League」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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